Planning and Budgeting

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It is necessarily advisable to ponder about the “change process”, most particularly in the area of human interactions so that one make more consummate realization of numerous occurrences and challenges like cases of success or failure in highly assorted political, cultural, social or economic plans that societies experience. On the other hand, understanding the causes and effective factors leading to the phenomenon of change as well as “change process” could be considered as one of the critical challenges in studying various fields of humanities in which the philosophers and thinkers were interested even in the years B.C. Accordingly, this article tries to study the ideas of different intellectuals in this area in order to propose more vivid definitions of the phenomenon of change in a way that they may pave the path for conceptual modeling of changes in economic performance. This study indicates that different economic schools deal with the “change process” with varying degrees of importance. The mainstream economics passes by this significant phenomenon with a brief view while thinkers of other economic schools employ dynamic and multi-disciplinary analyses in an attempt to explain the phenomenon of “change” as a major concern Hence, Hayek introduces the discussions of connectionist models and qualitative order, Schumpeter goes on with entrepreneurship and presents the keyword “Novel”, and North, emphasizing cognitive subjects, puts forward the theory of mental models and learning process, all in a try to take care of this major concern.

Keywords: Change Process, Austrian School, Institutional Economics, Human Interactions

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