Institute for Management and Planning studies 2251-9092 13 2 2008 5 1 Evaluation of Self-employment Loans Effectiveness during Iran’s Third Development Plan in Golestan Province 3 21 FA ebrahim abbasi This study tries to evaluate the execution of article 56 of Iran’s Third Development Plan Act as far as it is related to self-employment in Golestan Province. Self-employment loans of Golestan Province were paid by the province’s Labor and Social Affairs Organization (LSAO) and Employment Opportunities Support Fund (EPSF) within 2003-2004. The results of binomial test indicate that LSAO self-employment loans did not lead to expected employment, though EPSF loans fulfilled the expectations. The percentage of successful loans of EPSF outnumbered those of LSAO. Moreover, there is a positive and significant correlation between the number of self-employment loans paid and employments created in Golestan Province’s cities.

Institute for Management and Planning studies 2251-9092 13 2 2008 5 1 Performance Budgeting as a Tool for University Procedures and Programs Improvement, Emphasizing on ABC System 23 74 FA Seyyed Hamed Hashemi Sa’ideh Pour-Aminzad Considering the ratification of Higher Education Ministrys organizational structure law and Irans Fifth Development Plan, it becomes a must to make changes in universities management system. The most crucial part of such changes is related to universities financial system. In the current budgetary system of the higher education institutes, budgeting is done according to various factors such as numbers of students, faculty members and staff. In other terms, allocation of expenditures is done according to the volume criteria hence, no distinction is deemed among the expenses of different fields of study. Moreover, the expenditures of some courses are financed through extra resources of other courses this, in turn, requires improvement of financial resources management and supervision. This may lead to more efficiency and effectiveness in the universities. The only way to materialize these goals is to establish performance budgeting system in higher education institutes.This paper tries to explain basic concepts and implementation issues of performance budgeting in higher education institutes and focuses on performance budgeting in universities according to ABC system. The statistical population is Gilan Provincial Payam-Nour University studied through analytical descriptive research method. The results indicate that establishing performance budgeting system would help to improve programs and activities in the universities and paves the way for effectiveness and efficiency of costs. Moreover, focusing on activities, ABC system reveals the traditional shortcomings of the higher education institutes it will also improves affairs through providing systematic information on cost prices, productivity, efficiency and effectiveness

Institute for Management and Planning studies 2251-9092 13 2 2008 5 1 A Sample of Migration Tendencies in Iran’s Rural Communities and its Influencing Factors: Toyserkan Case Study 76 94 FA Sa’id Goudarzi This paper tries to measure the extent of villagers’ tendencies to migration. The research has been conducted descriptively as a survey, using a questionnaire. Sampling was done through multi-stage cluster method the samples included 200 persons of Toyserkan Township – Hamedan. The independent variables of the research were as follows: education, age, gender, individual’s relationship with the villagers, expecting relatively better income after migration, assuming that the migrated relatives and acquaintances may enjoy a better life, the level of individual’s satisfaction with his village, the village population, the distance between the village and the city. Statistical methods used were “frequency distribution table”, “T-Student Test”, “one-way analysis of variance”, “dual regression”, and “multiple regression analysis”. The results of the study indicate that the following variables were influential on the respondents’ migration tendencies: education, age, individual’s relationship with the villagers, expecting relatively better income after migration, and finally assuming that the migrated relatives and acquaintances may enjoy a better life. These variables explain 63 percent of various migration tendencies. The remaining 37 percent are explained by other factors than studied in this paper.

Institute for Management and Planning studies 2251-9092 13 2 2008 5 1 Examining and Explaining Time Inconsistency Problem in Economic Policies 96 152 FA Hossein Nasiri In very, simple words, time inconsistency means failing to conduct programs in consistence with time. In other words, time inconsistency refers to a situation where economic decision-makers preferences transform a long time in a way that what they preferred at a certain time point is not consistent with their preferences at other time points. In everyday life, we always face time inconsistency. It might be said that all economic policies and plans especially in the domain of economy somehow suffer from this problem due to the governments’ failing to adherence to the proclaimed programs as well as owing to the lack of collective and public rationality in using information. Thus it is necessary for any politician or economic planner to be aware of time consistency and its impacts. Citing various examples, this paper would try to explain time consistency from various points of view in the framework of dynamic planning, optimal control theory, and game theory. The purpose, here, is to explain the concept of time consistency and try to prove that all economic policies somehow suffer from time inconsistency. In order to achieve this goal, this paper cites examples, reasons, and previous researches besides making uses of mathematics.

Institute for Management and Planning studies 2251-9092 13 2 2008 5 1 Analyzing Iran’s Provincial Status regarding Mine & Industry Sector’s Indicators: Emphasizing Yazd Province 128 152 FA Majid Dehghanizadeh Hojjat Fallah Surveying and analyzing different socio-economic, environmental and other aspects of regions indicate the level of their privileges, welfare and development. Difference among privileges of various regions have perpetually been under the influence of environmental capabilities, hard work spirit, historical features and ruptures, level of civilization and urbanization, ideologies and values and so on. Many authorities hold that one of the most important factors and influential sectors in population concentration and development level which concurs socio-economic activities concentration and higher rates of urbanization is “industry sector” accompanied with its related activities.Due to natural and climatic limitations of Yazd Province as well as impossibility to expand agricultural activities, industry sector has always been one of the main areas of activity in this province. Using “factor analysis” method along with 18 selected indicators, this paper surveys Iran’s provincial status regarding mine and industry indicators, emphasizing Yazd province.Research findings indicate that Yazd province, being ranked 6, is regarded as a privileged province. Moreover, according to the results of the factor analysis, Yazd Province is ranked 3, 20, 2, 11, and 21 among provinces concerning the following factors respectively: workshops with ten-workers and more (1st factor), human resources (2nd factor), mines (3rd factor), labor productivity and energy efficiency (4th factor), and industrial pollution control (5th factor)

Institute for Management and Planning studies 2251-9092 13 2 2008 5 1 154 165 FA esmaeil fallahi Abolghasm Mortazavi

Institute for Management and Planning studies 2251-9092 13 2 2008 5 1 Institutions and Development 166 216 FA Zahra farzizadeh .