1- Department Of Management and Accounting, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran , h-torabi@tvu.ac.ir
2- Member of the academic staff of ACECR
3- Department Of Smart Marketing and Business Studies, Research Centre for Resource Management and knowledge-based Business Studies
2- Member of the academic staff of ACECR
3- Department Of Smart Marketing and Business Studies, Research Centre for Resource Management and knowledge-based Business Studies
Abstract: (1149 Views)
The family is considered as the most important pillar and social environment for spending leisure time, but due to the lack of planning and efficient allocation of resources, it is exposed to opportunity burnout or psychological and social damage. In the statistical plan of household income and expenses of Iran Statistics Center, the average expenses and income of urban and rural households are estimated at the level of the country and provinces. The importance of this project is in studying the mutual relations of the socio-economic characteristics of households. The purpose of this article is to estimate the leisure expenditure demand function of households in urban areas of the country based on the latest data of 1401. In order to realize this problem, the influence of factors such as age, literacy level, gender, marital status and household head's facilities on household leisure expenditure was investigated and the coefficients of the multiple regression model were estimated with econometric tools. According to the results of the model, male-headed households spend less on leisure activities than female-headed households; Also, married guardians spend less money on leisure activities compared to single guardians. Owning a house and a private car is also effective in spending money on leisure activities
Keywords: Household expenditure and income, household socioeconomic characteristics, leisure, econometrics.
References
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30. Deaton, A., & Muellbauer, J. (1980). Economics and consumer behavior. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [DOI:10.1017/CBO9780511805653]]
31. Deloitte Insights. (2025, July 30). State of the US consumer: July 2025. Deloitte. Retrieved from []
32. Django Palmer. (2019). Estimating the LES demand system using Finnish household budget survey data. []
33. Farzin, M. R. , Pourjahan, S. , Ghanbari, R. and Mohajer, B. (2022). Investigating the Determinants of Iran's Inbound Tourism Demand: Panel Data Analysis. Tourism and Leisure Time, 7(14), 85-100) .In Persian [DOI:10.22133/tlj.2023.383222.1073]]
34. Gershuny, J. (2000). Changing times: Work and leisure in postindustrial society. Oxford University Press. Retrieved from [] [DOI:10.1093/oso/9780198287872.001.0001]
35. Gronau, R. (1977). Leisure, home production and work-the theory of the allocation of time revisited. Journal of Political Economy, 85(6), 1099-1123. [DOI:10.1086/260629]]
36. Integrated Insight. (2025, June 3). Leisure experiences consumer survey 2025. WARC. Retrieved from []
37. Kim, H. (2025). Exploring the influence of perceived economic mobility on leisure consumption. Journal of Consumer Economics, 41 (2), 155-174 [DOI:10.1080/consumer.2025.1045589]]
38. Kopytov, A., Kuzmin, D., & Fedorenko, E. (2020). Leisure demand, wages, and hours worked: Evidence from macroeconomic data. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 118, 103943. [DOI:10.1016/j.jedc.2020.103943]]
39. Kuykendall, L., Tay, L., & Ng, V. (2015). Leisure engagement and subjective well-being: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 141 (2), 364-403. [DOI:10.1037/a0038508]]
40. Orthner, D. K., and Mancini, J. A. (1991). Benefits of leisure for family bonding. In B. L. Driver, P. J. Brown, and G. L. Peterson (Eds.), Benefits of Leisure, 289-301. []
41. Saxena, A., Banerjee, S., & Choudhury, R. (2022). Multi-stage household decision-making model of leisure consumption. Tourism Economics, 28 (8), 1945-1965. [DOI:10.1177/13548166211002049]]
42. Shaw, S. M. (1997). Controversies and contradictions in family leisure: An analysis of convicting paradigms. Journal of Leisure Research, 29 (1), 98-112. [] [DOI:10.1080/00222216.1997.11949785]
43. Shojaeddini, R., Esfahani, A. N., & Mohammadi, M. (2024). Flexible demand system estimation and labor-leisure elasticities: Evidence from households. Economic Modelling, 132, 106412. [DOI:10.1016/j.econmod.2024.106412]]
44. Shojaei, E. (2010). Investigating factors affecting the demand for cultural and artistic goods, a case study of television programs .National Conference on Media Management and Economics. Damavand Branch, Azad University. (In Persian)
45. Statistical Center of Iran (2022). Questionnaire of urban and rural household expenditure and income statistics plan in 2022. (In Persian).
46. Torabi, H. , Parsaian, M. and Alipour, M. (2024). Estimation of Demand Function for Household Leisure Time in Urban Areas of Iran. Journal of Applied Economics Studies in Iran, 13(51), 75-93. )In Persian [DOI:10.22084/aes.2024.28459.3644]]
47. Tribe, J. (3rd Ed) (2004). The Economics of Recreation Leisure and Tourism. Elsevier's Science and Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK. [ [DOI:10.4324/9780080455211]]
48. Velasquez, P. (2024). Trade, income growth, and leisure: Evidence from global panel data. World Development, 174, 106414. [DOI:10.1016/j.worlddev.2023.106414]]
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