دوره 28، شماره 4 - ( زمستان 1402 )                   دوره28 شماره 4 صفحات 110-75 | برگشت به فهرست نسخه ها

XML English Abstract Print

Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Asgari H, Moridian A. (2023). Investigating the Role of Human Capital and Shadow Economy in the Impact of Natural Resource Rent on Income Inequality with Regime Change. JPBUD. 28(4), 75-110. doi:10.61186/jpbud.28.4.75
URL: http://jpbud.ir/article-1-2240-fa.html
عسگری حشمت‌اله، مریدیان علی. بررسی نقش سرمایه انسانی و اقتصاد سایه در اثرگذاری رانت منابع طبیعی بر نابرابری درآمد با تغییر رژیم فصلنامه برنامه ریزی و بودجه 1402; 28 (4) :110-75 10.61186/jpbud.28.4.75

URL: http://jpbud.ir/article-1-2240-fa.html

بررسی نقش سرمایه انسانی و اقتصاد سایه در اثرگذاری رانت منابع طبیعی بر نابرابری درآمد با تغییر رژیم
حشمت‌اله عسگری 1، علی مریدیان2
1- گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران. ، h.asgari@ilam.ac.ir
2- گروه علوم اقتصادی، دانشکده اقتصاد و مدیریت، دانشگاه ارومیه، آذربایجان غربی، ایران.
چکیده:   (1172 مشاهده)
نابرابری درآمد یکی از مسائل اساسی است که بیش‎تر کشورها، به‌‏ویژه کشورهای توسعه‌نیافته، با آن مواجه‌­اند و همواره در تلاش برای کاهش آن هستند. از مهم‏ترین عوامل موثر بر نابرابری درآمد، رانت منابع طبیعی است که بسته به شیوۀ بهره‌­مندی از منابع طبیعی می‌­تواند اثرات متفاوتی داشته باشد. رابطۀ مذکور به‏‌شدت از سطح سرمایه انسانی کشورها و درجۀ غیررسمی بودن اقتصاد متاثر است. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تاثیر رانت منابع طبیعی بر نابرابری درآمد، با در نظر گرفتنِ نقش اقتصاد سایه و شاخص سرمایه انسانی انجام شده است. برای این کار از داده‌های سالانه 1399-1350 و روش مارکف-سوئیچینگ استفاده شده است. نتایج نشان می‌­دهد که اندازۀ منابع طبیعی تاثیر مثبت و معناداری بر نابرابری درآمد دارد و همچنین، ارتباط اندازۀ اقتصاد سایه و نابرابری درآمد در هر دو رژیم (نابرابری بالا/ نابرابری پایین) به‎طور قابل‎توجهی مثبت و تاثیر سرمایه انسانی بر نابرابری درآمد در هر دو رژیم منفی و معنادار است.
واژه‌های کلیدی: مارکف-سوئیچینگ، اقتصاد سایه، نابرابری درآمد، سرمایه انسانی، رانت منابع طبیعی
متن کامل [PDF 1097 kb]   (233 دریافت)    
نوع مطالعه: پژوهشي | موضوع مقاله: اقتصاد بخش عمومی
دریافت: 1402/6/28 | پذیرش: 1402/10/30 | انتشار الکترونیک: 1403/3/1
فهرست منابع
1. Abounoori, E., & Nikpour, A. (2014). The Effect of Tax Burden Indicators on the Size of the Hidden Economy in Iran. Economic Growth and Development Research, 5(17), 90-75. [In Farsi]
2. Acheampong, A. O., Dzator, J., & Shahbaz, M. (2021). Empowering the Powerless: Does Access to Energy Improve Income Inequality? Energy Economics, 99(1), 105288. [DOI:10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105288]
3. Adams, D., Adams, K., Ullah, S., & Ullah, F. (2019). Globalisation, Governance, Accountability and the Natural Resource 'Curse': Implications for Socio-Economic Growth of Oil-Rich Developing Countries. Resources Policy, 61(1), 128-140. [DOI:10.1016/j.resourpol.2019.02.009]
4. Adams, S., & Klobodu, E. K. M. (2017). Capital Flows and the Distribution of Income in Sub-Saharan Africa. Economic Analysis and Policy, 55(1), 169-178. [DOI:10.1016/j.eap.2017.05.006]
5. Afonso, O., & Gil, P. M. (2013). Effects of North-South Trade on Wage Inequality and on Human-Capital Accumulation. Economic Modelling, 35(1), 481-492. [DOI:10.1016/j.econmod.2013.07.036]
6. Ahmed, E., Rosser, J. B., & Rosser, M. V. (2007). Income Inequality, Corruption, and the Non-Observed Economy: A Global Perspective. In M. Salzano & D. Colander (Eds.), Complexity Hints for Economic Policy (pp. 233-252). Springer Milan. [DOI:10.1007/978-88-470-0534-1_12]
7. Akpa, A. F. (2023). Effect of Natural Resources Rents on Income Inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa: Exploring the Direct and Indirect Transmission Mechanisms. International Journal of Development Issues, 22(2), 167-181. [DOI:10.1108/IJDI-11-2022-0244]
8. Ali, M., & Cantner, U. (2020). Economic Diversification and Human Development in Europe. Eurasian Economic Review, 10(1), 211-235. [DOI:10.1007/s40822-020-00147-0]
9. Alm, J., & Embaye, A. (2013). Using Dynamic Panel Methods to Estimate Shadow Economies Around the World, 1984-2006. Public Finance Review, 41(5), 510-543. [DOI:10.1177/1091142113482353]
10. Alvarado, R., Iñiguez, M., & Ponce, P. (2017). Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Latin America. Economic Analysis and Policy, 56(1), 176-187. [DOI:10.1016/j.eap.2017.09.006]
11. Alvarado, R., Tillaguango, B., López-Sánchez, M., Ponce, P., & Işık, C. (2021). Heterogeneous Impact of Natural Resources on Income Inequality: The Role of the Shadow Economy and Human Capital Index. Economic Analysis and Policy, 69(1), 690-704. [DOI:10.1016/j.eap.2021.01.015]
12. Anas, J., Billio, M., Ferrara, L., & Duca, M. L. (2004). Business Cycle Analysis with Multivariate Markov Switching Models. Growth and Cycle in the Eurozone, 249-260.‏
13. Anyanwu, U. M., Anyanwu, A. A., & Cieślik, A. (2021). Does Abundant Natural Resources Amplify the Negative Impact of Income Inequality on Economic Growth? Resources Policy, 74(1), 102229. [DOI:10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102229]
14. Arezki, R., & Van der Ploeg, F. (2011). Do Natural Resources Depress Income Per Capita? Review of Development Economics, 15(3), 504-521. [DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9361.2011.00623.x]
15. Ashenfelter, O., & Krueger, A. (1994). Estimates of the Economic Return to Schooling from a New Sample of Twins. The American Economic Review, 84(5), 1157-1173.
16. Auty, R. M. (2007). Natural Resources, Capital Accumulation and the Resource Curse. Ecological Economics, 61(4), 627-634. [DOI:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.09.006]
17. Avom, D., Ntsame Ovono, N., & Ongo Nkoa, E. (2022). Revisiting the Effects of Natural Resources on Income Inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Development Issues, 21(3), 389-412. [DOI:10.1108/IJDI-02-2022-0036]
18. Barro, R. J. (1991). Economic Growth in a Cross Section of Countries. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(2), 407-443. [DOI:10.2307/2937943]
19. Barro, R. J. (2000). Inequality and Growth in a Panel of Countries. Journal of Economic Growth, 5(1), 5-32. [DOI:10.1023/A:1009850119329]
20. Becker, G. S. (1962). Investment in Human Capital: A Theoretical Analysis. Journal of Political Economy, 70(5, Part 2), 9-49. [DOI:10.1086/258724]
21. Becker, G. S. (2009). Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education. University of Chicago Press.
22. Bekiros, S., Shahzad, S. J. H., Arreola-Hernandez, J., & Rehman, M. U. (2018). Directional Predictability and time-Varying Spillovers between Stock Markets and Economic Cycles. Economic Modelling, 69(1), 301-312. [DOI:10.1016/j.econmod.2017.10.003]
23. Berisha, E., Chisadza, C., Clance, M., & Gupta, R. (2021). Income Inequality and Oil Resources: Panel Evidence from the United States. Energy Policy, 159(1), 112603. [DOI:10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112603]
24. Bhattacharya, P. C. (2011). Informal Sector, Income Inequality and Economic Development. Economic Modelling, 28(3), 820-830. [DOI:10.1016/j.econmod.2010.10.007]
25. Bildirici, M. E., & Badur, M. M. (2019). The Effects of Oil and Gasoline Prices on Confidence and Stock Return of the Energy Companies for Turkey and the US. Energy, 173(1), 1234-1241. [DOI:10.1016/j.energy.2019.02.137]
26. Blanchard, E. J., & Olney, W. W. (2017). Globalization and Human Capital Investment: Export Composition Drives Educational Attainment. Journal of International Economics, 106(1), 165-183. [DOI:10.1016/j.jinteco.2017.03.004]
27. Brunnschweiler, C. N., & Bulte, E. H. (2008). The Resource Curse Revisited and Revised: A Tale of Paradoxes and Red Herrings. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 55(3), 248-264. [DOI:10.1016/j.jeem.2007.08.004]
28. Buccellato, T., & Mickiewicz, T. (2009). Oil and Gas: A Blessing for the Few. Hydrocarbons and Inequality within Regions in Russia. Europe-Asia Studies, 61(3), 385-407. [DOI:10.1080/09668130902753275]
29. Buehn, A., & Schneider, F. (2012). Shadow Economies Around the World: Novel Insights, Accepted Knowledge, and New Estimates. International Tax and Public Finance, 19(1), 139-171. [DOI:10.1007/s10797-011-9187-7]
30. Card, D., & Krueger, A. B. (1992). Does School Quality Matter? Returns to Education and the Characteristics of Public Schools in the United States. Journal of Political Economy, 100(1), 1-40. [DOI:10.1086/261805]
31. Chani, M. I., Jan, S. A., Pervaiz, Z., & Chaudhary, A. R. (2014). Human Capital Inequality and Income Inequality: Testing for Causality. Quality & Quantity, 48(1), 149-156. [DOI:10.1007/s11135-012-9755-7]
32. Chen, M. A. (2012). The Informal Economy: Definitions, Theories and Policies. Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing, Working Papers, No. 1.
33. Chong, A., & Gradstein, M. (2007). Inequality and Institutions. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 89(3), 454-465. [DOI:10.1162/rest.89.3.454]
34. Coady, D., & Dizioli, A. (2018). Income Inequality and Education Revisited: Persistence, Endogeneity and Heterogeneity. Applied Economics, 50(25), 2747-2761. [DOI:10.1080/00036846.2017.1406659]
35. Cosslett, S. R., & Lee, L.-F. (1985). Serial Correlation in Latent Discrete Variable Models. Journal of Econometrics, 27(1), 79-97. [DOI:10.1016/0304-4076(85)90045-4]
36. Davis, G. A. (2020). Large-Sample Evidence of Income Inequality in Resource-Rich Nations. Mineral Economics, 33(1-2), 193-216. [DOI:10.1007/s13563-019-00207-1]
37. Deaton, A. (1999). Commodity Prices and Growth in Africa. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 13(3), 23-40. [DOI:10.1257/jep.13.3.23]
38. Dell'Anno, R. (2016). Analyzing the Determinants of the Shadow Economy with a "Separate Approach". An Application of the Relationship between Inequality and the Shadow Economy. World Development, 84(1), 342-356. [DOI:10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.08.026]
39. Dell'Anno, R., & Davidescu, A. A. (2019). Estimating Shadow Economy and Tax Evasion in Romania. A Comparison by Different Estimation Approaches. Economic Analysis and Policy, 63(1), 130-149. [DOI:10.1016/j.eap.2019.05.002]
40. Duclos, J.-Y., & Taptué, A.-M. (2015). Polarization. In Atkinson, A. B. & Bourguignon, F. (Eds.), Handbook of Income Distribution (Vol. 2, pp. 301-358). Elsevier. [DOI:10.1016/B978-0-444-59428-0.00006-0]
41. Elgin, C., & Erturk, F. (2019). Informal Economies Around the World: Measures, Determinants and Consequences. Eurasian Economic Review, 9(1), 221-237. [DOI:10.1007/s40822-018-0105-5]
42. Enamorado, T., López-Calva, L. F., Rodríguez-Castelán, C., & Winkler, H. (2016). Income Inequality and Violent Crime: Evidence from Mexico's Drug War. Journal of Development Economics, 120(1), 128-143. [DOI:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2015.12.004]
43. Erum, N., & Hussain, S. (2019). Corruption, Natural Resources and Economic Growth: Evidence from OIC Countries. Resources Policy, 63(1), 101429. [DOI:10.1016/j.resourpol.2019.101429]
44. Esaku, S. (2019). Trade Liberalisation, Firm Dynamics and Export Participation in Sub-Saharan Africa. North-West University (South Africa).
45. Fakthong, T. (2012). Convergence in Income Inequality and Growth under Public Investment in Human Capital: The Case of Thailand. Procedia Economics and Finance, 2(1), 315-324. [DOI:10.1016/S2212-5671(12)00093-7]
46. Fawaz, F., & Frey, E. (2020). The Impact of Abundancy of Resources and Regime Type on Income Inequality: The Case of Less-Developed Countries. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 41(1), 1-7.
47. Feenstra, R. C., Inklaar, R., & Timmer, M. P. (2015). The Next Generation of the Penn World Table. American Economic Review, 105(10), 3150-3182. [DOI:10.1257/aer.20130954]
48. Fleming, D. A., Measham, T. G., & Paredes, D. (2015). Understanding the Resource Curse (or Blessing) across National and Regional Scales: Theory, Empirical Challenges and an Application. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 59(4), 624-639. [DOI:10.1111/1467-8489.12118]
49. Fourie, J. (2019). Who Writes African Economic History? Economic History of Developing Regions, 34(2), 111-131. [DOI:10.1080/20780389.2019.1639500]
50. Frankel, J. A. (2010). The Natural Resource Curse: A Survey. National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper, No. 15836. [DOI:10.3386/w15836]
51. Fum, R. M., & Hodler, R. (2010). Natural Resources and Income Inequality: The Role of Ethnic Divisions. Economics Letters, 107(3), 360-363. [Https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2010.03.008] [DOI:10.1016/j.econlet.2010.03.008]
52. Gibson, B. (2005). The Transition to a Globalized Economy: Poverty, Human Capital and the Informal Sector in a Structuralist CGE Model. Journal of Development Economics, 78(1), 60-94. [DOI:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2004.08.004]
53. Goderis, B., & Malone, S. W. (2011). Natural Resource Booms and Inequality: Theory and Evidence. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 113(2), 388-417. [DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9442.2011.01659.x]
54. Goel, R. K., & Nelson, M. A. (2016). Shining a Light on the Shadows: Identifying Robust Determinants of the Shadow Economy. Economic Modelling, 58(1), 351-364. [DOI:10.1016/j.econmod.2016.06.009]
55. Goldfeld, S. M., & Quandt, R. E. (1973). A Markov Model for Switching Regressions. Journal of Econometrics, 1(1), 3-15. [DOI:10.1016/0304-4076(73)90002-X]
56. Gregorio, J. D., & Lee, J. W. (2002). Education and Income Inequality: New Evidence from Cross‐Country Data. Review of Income and Wealth, 48(3), 395-416. [DOI:10.1111/1475-4991.00060]
57. Grossman, G. M., & Helpman, E. (1996). Electoral Competition and Special Interest Politics. The Review of Economic Studies, 63(2), 265-286. [DOI:10.2307/2297852]
58. Gutiérrez-Romero, R. (2021a). How Does Inequality Affect Long-Run Growth? Cross-Industry, Cross-Country Evidence. Economic Modelling, 95(1), 274-297. [DOI:10.1016/j.econmod.2020.11.016]
59. Gutiérrez-Romero, R. (2021b). Inequality, Persistence of the Informal Economy, and Club Convergence. World Development, 139(1), 105211. [DOI:10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105211]
60. Hamilton, J. D. (1988). Rational-Expectations Econometric Analysis of Changes in Regime: An Investigation of the Term Structure of Interest Rates. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12(2-3), 385-423. [DOI:10.1016/0165-1889(88)90047-4]
61. Hamilton, J. D. (1989). A New Approach to the Economic Analysis of Nonstationary Time Series and the Business Cycle. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 57(2), 357-384. [DOI:10.2307/1912559]
62. Hamilton, J. D. (1994). State-Space Models. In R. Engle & D. McFadden (Eds.), Handbook of Econometrics (Vol. 4, pp. 3039-3080). [DOI:10.1016/S1573-4412(05)80019-4]
63. Hart, K. (1973). Informal Income Opportunities and Urban Employment in Ghana. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 11(1), 61-89. [DOI:10.1017/S0022278X00008089]
64. Hartwell, C., Horvath, R., Horvathova, E., & Popova, O. (2022). Natural Resources and Income Inequality in Developed Countries: Synthetic Control Method Evidence. Empirical Economics, 62(1), 297-338. [DOI:10.1007/s00181-021-02023-5]
65. Havranek, T., Horvath, R., & Zeynalov, A. (2016). Natural Resources and Economic Growth: A Meta-Analysis. World Development, 88(1), 134-151. [DOI:10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.07.016]
66. Howie, P., & Atakhanova, Z. (2014). Resource Boom and Inequality: Kazakhstan as a Case Study. Resources Policy, 39(1), 71-79. [DOI:10.1016/j.resourpol.2013.11.004]
67. Huang, C.-J. (2013). Corruption and Income Inequality in Asian Countries: Bootstrap Panel Granger Causality Test. Romanian Journal of Economic Forecasting, 16(4), 161-170.
68. Huynh, C. M., & Nguyen, T. L. (2020). Shadow Economy and Income Inequality: New Empirical Evidence from Asian Developing Countries. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 25(1), 175-192. [DOI:10.1080/13547860.2019.1643196]
69. Ishak, P. W., & Farzanegan, M. R. (2020). The Impact of Declining Oil Rents on Tax Revenues: Does the Shadow Economy Matter? Energy Economics, 92(1), 104925. [DOI:10.1016/j.eneco.2020.104925]
70. Isham, J., Woolcock, M., Pritchett, L., & Busby, G. (2005). The Varieties of Resource Experience: Natural Resource Export Structures and the Political Economy of Economic Growth. The World Bank Economic Review, 19(2), 141-174. [DOI:10.1093/wber/lhi010]
71. Jafari, M., & Shaygan Mehr, S. (2022). Income Inequality and the Oil Curse: The Case of Oil-Rich Developing Countries. Quarterely Energy Economics Review, 17(71), 67-112. [In Farsi] [http://iiesj.ir/article-1-1399-fa.html]
72. Jensen, N., & Wantchekon, L. (2004). Resource Wealth and Political Regimes in Africa. Comparative Political Studies, 37(7), 816-841. [DOI:10.1177/0010414004266867]
73. Khiabani, N., & Shajari Pourjaberi, S. (2017). Boom-Bust Cycles in Iran's Housing Prices: An Ms-Var Approach. Planning and Budgeting, 22(1), 3-32. [In Farsi] [http://jpbud.ir/article-1-1505-fa.html] [DOI:10.61186/jpbud.28.1.3]
74. Krolzig, H.-M. (1997). The Markov-Switching Vector Autoregressive Model. In H. Dawid & A. Kleine (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems (pp. 6-28). Springer [DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-51684-9_12]
75. Kuan, C.-M. (2002). Lecture on the Markov Switching Model. Institute of Economics Academia Sinica, 8(15), 1-30.
76. Kuznets, S. (1955). Economic Growth and Income Inequality. The American Economic Review, 45(1), 1-28.
77. Lessmann, C., & Steinkraus, A. (2019). The Geography of Natural Resources, Ethnic Inequality and Civil Conflicts. European Journal of Political Economy, 59(1), 33-51. [DOI:10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2019.01.005]
78. Lucas Jr, R. E. (1988). On the Mechanics of Economic Development. Journal of Monetary Economics, 22(1), 3-42. [DOI:10.1016/0304-3932(88)90168-7]
79. Mankiw, N. G., Romer, D., & Weil, D. N. (1992). A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107(2), 407-437. [DOI:10.2307/2118477]
80. Marjit, S., & Kar, S. (2011). The Outsiders: Economic Reform and Informal Labour in a Developing Economy. Oxford University Press. [DOI:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198071495.001.0001]
81. Matsui, A., & Postlewaite, A. (2000). Specialization of Labor and the Distribution of Income. Games and Economic Behavior, 33(1), 72-89. [DOI:10.1006/game.1999.0773]
82. Mazhar, U., & Méon, P.-G. (2017). Taxing the Unobservable: The Impact of the Shadow Economy on Inflation and Taxation. World Development, 90(1), 89-103. [DOI:10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.08.019]
83. Medina, L., & Schneider, F. (2019). Shedding Light on the Shadow Economy: A Global Database and the Interaction with the Official One. Center for Economic Studies and IFO Institute, Working Paper, No. 7981. [DOI:10.2139/ssrn.3502028]
84. Mehdiloo, A., asgharpur, H., & Karimi Takanlou, Z. (2016). Examining the Causality between the Human Development Index and Economic Growth in Iran: Using a Non- Model Approach (MS-VAR). Planning and Budgeting, 21(2), 25-53. [In Farsi] l [http://jpbud.ir/article-1-1194-fa.htm]
85. Mensi, W., Sensoy, A., Aslan, A., & Kang, S. H. (2019). High-Frequency Asymmetric Volatility Connectedness between Bitcoin and Major Precious Metals Markets. The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 50(1), 101031. [DOI:10.1016/j.najef.2019.101031]
86. Mincer, J. (1957). A Study of Personal Income Distribution. Columbia University.
87. Montazeri Shoorekchali, J., & Zahed Gharavi, M. (2020). Investigating the Relationship between Government Size and Income Inequality in Iran: The MS-VAR Approach. Journal of Economics and Modelling, 11(2), 29-64. [In Farsi] [DOI:10.29252/jem.2021.185532.1532]
88. Motallebi, M., Alizadeh, M., & Faraji Dizaji, S. (2020). Estimating Shadow Economy and Tax Evasion Using Governmental Financial Discipline Variables. Quarterly Journal of Quantitative Economics, 16(4), 69-100. [In Farsi] [DOI:10.22055/jqe.2019.26886.1926]
89. Moyo, C., Mishi, S., & Ncwadi, R. (2022). Human Capital Development, Poverty and Income Inequality in the Eastern Cape Province. Development Studies Research, 9(1), 36-47. [DOI:10.1080/21665095.2022.2032236]
90. Mugoda, S., Esaku, S., Nakimu, R. K., & Bbaale, E. (2020). The Portrait of Uganda's Informal Sector: What Main Obstacles Do the Sector Face? Cogent Economics & Finance, 8(1), 1843255. [DOI:10.1080/23322039.2020.1843255]
91. Oded, G. (2011). Inequality, Human Capital Formation, and the Process of Development. In Handbook of the Economics of Education (Vol. 4, pp. 441-493). Elsevier. [DOI:10.1016/B978-0-444-53444-6.00005-5]
92. O'neill, D. (1995). Education and Income Growth: Implications for Cross-Country Inequality. Journal of Political Economy, 103(6), 1289-1301. [DOI:10.1086/601455]
93. Pakdaman, Y., Barkish, A., & Akhavan Arij, M. (2022). Investigating the Asymmetric Effects of Financial Development on Income Inequality in Iran: Using Nonlinear Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) Approach. Planning and Budgeting, 27(2), 127-152. [In Farsi] [DOI:10.52547/jpbud.27.2.127]
94. Papyrakis, E., & Gerlagh, R. (2004). The Resource Curse Hypothesis and Its Transmission Channels. Journal of Comparative Economics, 32(1), 181-193. [DOI:10.1016/j.jce.2003.11.002]
95. Pi, J., & Fan, Y. (2019). Capital Concentration and Wage Inequality. The BE Journal of Theoretical Economics, 20(1), 20190049. [DOI:10.1515/bejte-2019-0049]
96. Policardo, L., & Carrera, E. J. S. (2018). Corruption Causes Inequality, or Is It the Other Way Around? An Empirical Investigation for a Panel of Countries. Economic Analysis and Policy, 59(1), 92-102. [DOI:10.1016/j.eap.2018.05.001]
97. Ramazanpoor, E., & Sedaghat Kalmarzi, H. (2021). The Effect of Combined Government Expenditure on Income Inequality Regimes in Iran. Quarterly Journal of Applied Theories of Economics, 8(3), 243-266. [In Farsi] [DOI:10.22034/ecoj.2021.45362.2855]
98. Riekhof, M.-C., Regnier, E., & Quaas, M. F. (2019). Economic Growth, International Trade, and the Depletion or Conservation of Renewable Natural Resources. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 97(1), 116-133. [DOI:10.1016/j.jeem.2018.04.008]
99. Ross, M. T. (2007). Documentation of the Applied Dynamic Analysis of the Global Economy (ADAGE) Model. Research Triangle Institute, Working Paper, No. 07-02.
100. Rosser Jr, J. B., Rosser, M. V., & Ahmed, E. (2000). Income Inequality and the Informal Economy in Transition Economies. Journal of Comparative Economics, 28(1), 156-171. [DOI:10.1006/jcec.2000.1645]
101. Rosser Jr, J. B., Rosser, M. V., & Ahmed, E. (2003). Multiple Unofficial Economy Equilibria and Income Distribution Dynamics in Systemic Transition. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 25(3), 425-447.
102. Sachs, J. D., & Warner, A. M. (2001). The Curse of Natural Resources. European Economic Review, 45(4-6), 827-838. [DOI:10.1016/S0014-2921(01)00125-8]
103. Sadeghi Amroabadi, B. (2022). Analyzing the Asymmetric Cumulative Effects of Rentier State on Income Inequality in Mena Countrie. Quarterly Journal of Applied Theories of Economics, 9(3), 113-146. [In Farsi] [DOI:10.22034/ecoj.2022.42390.2748]
104. Salatin, P., & Jahani, T. (2022). Oil Revenue Uncertainty and Income Distribution Inequality: An Emphasis on the Role of Sanctions in the Iranian Economy. The Journal of Economic Policy, 14(27), 303-338. [In Farsi] [DOI:10.22034/epj.2022.18185.2312]
105. Schaffartzik, A., Duro, J. A., & Krausmann, F. (2019). Global Appropriation of Resources Causes High International Material Inequality-Growth is Not the Solution. Ecological Economics, 163(1), 9-19. [DOI:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.05.008]
106. Schneider, F., & Buehn, A. (2018). Shadow Economy: Estimation Methods, Problems, Results and Open Questions. Open Economics, 1(1), 1-29. [DOI:10.1515/openec-2017-0001]
107. Schultz, T. W. (1961). Investment in Human Capital. The American Economic Review, 51(1), 1-17.
108. Sehrawat, M., & Singh, S. K. (2019). Human Capital and Income Inequality in India: Is There a Non-Linear and Asymmetric Relationship? Applied Economics, 51(39), 4325-4336. [DOI:10.1080/00036846.2019.1591605]
109. Shahpari, G., & Davoudi, P. (2014). Studying Effects of Human Capital on Income Inequality in Iran. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 109(1), 1386-1389. [DOI:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.641]
110. Smith, A. (1937). The Wealth of Nations: An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes. Modern Library.
111. Stiglitz, J. E. (2007). Making Globalization Work. WW Norton & Company.
112. Sulemana, I., & Kpienbaareh, D. (2018). An Empirical Examination of the Relationship between Income Inequality and Corruption in Africa. Economic Analysis and Policy, 60(1), 27-42. [DOI:10.1016/j.eap.2018.09.003]
113. Tadadjeu, S., Njangang, H., Ningaye, P., & Nourou, M. (2020). Linking Natural Resource Dependence and Access to Water and Sanitation in African Countries. Resources Policy, 69(1), 101880. [DOI:10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101880]
114. Tian, S., & Liu, Z. (2020). Emergence of Income Inequality: Origin, Distribution and Possible Policies. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 537(1), 122767. [DOI:10.1016/j.physa.2019.122767]
115. Topcu, E., Altinoz, B., & Aslan, A. (2020). Global Evidence from the Link between Economic Growth, Natural Resources, Energy Consumption, and Gross Capital Formation. Resources Policy, 66(1), 101622. [DOI:10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101622]
116. Uzar, U. (2020). Is Income Inequality a Driver for Renewable Energy Consumption? Journal of Cleaner Production, 255(1), 120287. [DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120287]
117. Van der Ploeg, F., & Poelhekke, S. (2009). Volatility and the Natural Resource Curse. Oxford Economic Papers, 61(4), 727-760. [DOI:10.1093/oep/gpp027]
118. Vu, T. V. (2020). Economic Complexity and Health Outcomes: A Global Perspective. Social Science & Medicine, 265(1), 113480. [DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113480] [PMID]
119. Winegarden, C. R. (1979). Schooling and Income Distribution: Evidence from International Data. Economica, 46(181), 83-87. [DOI:10.2307/2553099]
120. Xue, J., Gao, W., & Guo, L. (2014). Informal Employment and Its Effect on the Income Distribution in Urban China. China Economic Review, 31(1), 84-93. [DOI:10.1016/j.chieco.2014.07.012]
121. Zaidi, S. A. H., Zafar, M. W., Shahbaz, M., & Hou, F. (2019). Dynamic Linkages between Globalization, Financial Development and Carbon Emissions: Evidence from Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Countries. Journal of Cleaner Production, 228(1), 533-543. [DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.210]
122. Zhang, W.-W., Sadiq, R., Khan, T. M., & Khan, M. M. (2021). Policy Implications of Remittances, Trade Liberalization and Dutch Disease-A Comparative Analysis Based on Income Categorization. Resources Policy, 72, 102088. [DOI:10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102088]
123. ابراهیمی دستگردی، فاطمه (1386). بررسی و اندازه‌گیری اقتصاد زیرزمینی و فرار مالیاتی در ایران. دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد خوراسگان.
124. صامتی، مجید؛ سامتی، مرتضی، و دلایی میلان، علی (1388). برآورد اقتصاد زیرزمینی در ایران (1384-1344) به روشMIMIC . نشریه مطالعات اقتصاد بین‎‌الملل، 20(2)، 114-89.
125. علیزاده، هانیه، و غفاری، فرهاد (1392). برآورد اندازه اقتصاد زیرزمینی در ایران و بررسی عوامل موثر بر آن. نشریه علوم اقتصادی، 7(25)، 69-31. [20.1001.1.25383833.1392.7.25.2.9:DOI]
بازنشر اطلاعات
Creative Commons License این مقاله تحت شرایط Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License قابل بازنشر است.

کلیه حقوق این وب سایت متعلق به فصلنامه برنامه ریزی و بودجه می باشد.

طراحی و برنامه نویسی : یکتاوب افزار شرق

© 2024 CC BY-NC 4.0 | Planning and Budgeting

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb